Saturday, October 11, 2008

Fundamentalism and Cults

I have a very conflicted feeling about using the term cult, as evangelicalism frequently uses the term in a pejorative sense against legitimate "religions" such as Buddhism, Islam, etc. And I agree with those who argue that most religions are just cults that have gained legitimacy. But I do think that the traditional notion of cults has some merit. That being the case, to what extent does evangelical and\or fundamentalist indoctrination mirror that of cults. I think a lot depends on what part of evangelicalism you are raised in. One thing that concerns me about Mercy is its Charismatic leanings. The Charismatic movement has been responsible for some of the world's most dangerous cults, particularly the Children of God movement, which practiced child sex and "flirty fishing" (religious proselytization through sex). While I do not think Charismatic churches are by definition cultish, I think their reliance on emotion rather than intellect makes them more prone to cult-like behavior than Catholic, Orthodox, or Reformed\Calvinist churches, that have their own intellectual traditions. Mainstream evangelicalism, by and large, may promote cults of personality that disappear (Ted Haggard for instance), but these seldom extend beyond that. But fundamentalism (I here differentiate between fundamentalism and evangelicalism) can produce cults. Westboro Baptist or those crazy kooks who influenced Andrea Yates are prime examples of Protestant fundamentalist cults. I think many fundamentalist groups operate on the margin of culthood, using tactics like forced isolation, reading of only fundamentalist materials, limiting of contact with outsiders or the unsaved, etc. as ways of insuring the dominance of their belief system in their children and converts.
I feel the version of evangelicalism I got (occassionally tinged with Reformed Presbyterianism and fundamentalism) was mild enough to not be considered cult-like. But I do believe elements of my education could have been manipulated to serve cultish ends, given the right leader. That is what perhaps makes me most worried about Mercy. It's not that people defend Mercy so much as they glorify Nancy Alcorn as a minor deity. That, to me, is dangerous, and is why I will continue protesting against Mercy, Freedom Village, and other coercive evangelical, fundamentalist, and Charismatic organizations

6 comments:

Meghann said...

I left the fundamentalist (not evangelical) church because I felt many practitioners were hypocrites; I experienced no cult-like behavior in the church where I belonged. It has been my experience that evangelicals and pentecostals are more likely to devolve into cults.

John Weaver said...

I agree that Pentecotals are the most likely to develop cults, though I think fundies are more likely to show cult-like behavior than evangelicals.
Hey there, Meghann! Good to hear from you.

Lissa said...

Hi John!
Yeah I agree it's never good to "deify" a human being and that is what produces cults, or one of the major factors in producing a cult. If that has happened with Nancy Alcorn it is a shame. Jesus Christ came for us to look unto Him not unto a fallible human. I don't care what human it is-- no one has the answers. I think this has also happened in the "Purpose Driven" movement with their focus on Rick Warren. The problem with any religious movement is when they start adding on to Scripture and sticking rules in where their are none. Making faulty conclusions such as "Christians shouldn't take medications because they should rely on the Lord". Within Christianity, true Biblical Christianity, there is a lot of freedom and that includes freedom to take a med, and freedom to go to a decent therapist who is compassionate and knows what they are talking about... Christianity is about "life to the full" and that's what Jesus came for. And that may just mean we need to take medication... God gave us brains that are able create the meds--it seems pretty brainless not to TAKE the meds if we need to! Yeah!! :) Lissa

John Weaver said...

Dear Lissa,
Hey there, bud. Yea, I agree that its pretty stupid to argue people should not take meds. I think neo-evangelicalism and the Reformed movement don't lead easily to cults, but I think Pentecostalism and fundamentalism, because of their greater fanaticism, are more likely to inspire cult-like behavior. But that's just my opinion, based on what I know about the formation of cults.
Keep in touch, bud!

Best wishes,
John Weaver

Lissa said...

John, what is neo-evangelicalism, btw?

John Weaver said...

Dear lissa,
Neo-evangelicalism is just a term used to differentiate post 1950's evangelicals from their fundamentalist brethren. Billy Graham's a neo-evangelical, Jerry Falwell's a fundamentalist. Terms are kind of slippery though.

John